特种管件陶瓷内衬涂层静态自蔓延熔涂工艺

通过对静态自蔓延法制备弯管、三通管、细管、厚壁管及双层涂层管工艺的研究,提出了静态-离心法复合工艺,并探讨了作为隔热层应用于发动机气缸套、排气管、排气道领域的可能性.采用静态自蔓延法研制了半固态金属加工用陶瓷涂层模具,并进行了涂层熔涂工艺参数优化设计、X射线无损探伤、热震性测试和铝合金及高温钢质液态模锻应用试验.试验表明,在半固态金属加工模具内表面用静态法制备陶瓷涂层,将显著提高模具的使用寿命.     

CREEP BEHAVIORS OF Pt-RE ALLOYS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES

The creep behaviors of Pt-RE alloys have been studied at 1200℃ and 1400℃.The results show that asmall amount of RE elements improves the creep behaviors of platinum greatly.The creep behaviors of PtGd0.5,PtLa0.5 and PtLa0.3 Gd0.2,are best among all the alloys studied.As far as the creep behaviors are concerned,the traditional heat-resistance alloy PtGd10 can be replaced by PtGd0.5.Particularly,the properities of PtGd0.5are near to those of PtRb10.For most of the Pt-RE alloys,long-time,static,super high-temperature treatment inair is of no advantage to the creep rupture life.The mechanisms of the effects of rare-earths on high-temperaturecreep properties of platinum are discussed.     

440 t/h燃煤锅炉低氮燃烧模式下水冷壁高温腐蚀分析

分别采用X射线荧光光谱、X射线衍射光谱、电镜扫描和能谱分析等方法,对某440 t/h燃煤锅炉下层燃烧器附近水冷壁区域收集的腐蚀层进行详细表征,分析并讨论腐蚀产物的形成和痕量元素富集特点。结果表明：腐蚀内层主要含有FeS₂、Fe₂O₃、PbS和ZnS,但Pb比Zn富集程度高;腐蚀外层以ZnS、PbS、GaS、Fe_1-xS和Zn_1.0Al_1.04S_2.13为主,还含有少量Ga、Se、Bi等元素,但Zn与Ga元素富集程度显著高于内层;腐蚀层中Pb、Zn、Ga、Se、Ge、As、Bi、Th、Sn、Sb等元素主要通过气化-冷凝和黏附的未燃尽碳颗粒释放析出的方式到达管壁,部分元素仍存在二次气化现象并扩散至腐蚀层深处,以进一步增大腐蚀裂纹尺度。基体铁的氧化和硫化反应同时发生并相互竞争,靠近基体侧腐蚀层先发生裂缝后逐渐开始破碎。黄铁矿向外转移中会释放气态硫并生成多种晶型的磁黄铁矿,这说明气态硫在腐蚀过程中扮演重要作用。此外,沉积层中微细颗粒和气态痕量元素可能会向基体侧移动与扩散渗透,增加腐蚀内部应力进而加剧腐蚀。     

Effect of high temperature on the mechanical properties of hierarchical porous cenosphere/geopolymer composite foams

A hierarchical porous cenosphere/geopolymer composite foam (FHCs/KGP) was fabricated by the simultaneous incorporation of O₂ pore from hydrogen peroxide and cenosphere filler addition. Effects of both H₂O₂ content and high-temperature treatment on the microstructure, porosity and strength of porous FHCs/KGP foams were investigated systematically. The obtained FHCs/KGP foams showed typical amorphous structure and desirable porosity from 65 to 82%. The composites could crystallize in situ to FHCs/leucite foams above 1000℃. Compression strength of the FHCs/leucite foams showed a maximum value of 5 ± 0.3 MPa when treated at 1000°C. The improvement of mechanical properties for the composite foams was attributed to crack deflection, fractured microspheres and the good bond between the FHCs and matrix. This study could open opportunities to employ cellular foams as alternatives in structure and filtration applications.     

ZrB2陶瓷的制备和烧结

采用自蔓延高温合成(Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis,SHS)技术和热压烧结(Hot pressing,HP)方法分别研究了Zr-B2O3-Mg和ZrO2-B4C-C体系反应原料的粒度和配比以及烧结温度对产物的影响规律,并烧结得到ZrB2陶瓷.采用X射线衍射和化学分析方法分析了材料的相组成,利用SEM和TEM观察了显微结构;并用阿基米德排水法测定了相对密度.结果表明:在Zr-B2O3-Mg体系中,50μm Zr粉和Mg过量15%(摩尔分数)的体系是最理想的SHS反应体系;SHS产物粒径、酸洗产物粒径和烧结体粒径分别为2～5μm、0.5～2.0 μm和2～10μm;酸洗产物组成为94.59%ZrB2、3.87%ZrO2和1.54%H3BO3(质量分数);烧结体为单相ZrB2陶瓷,相对密度为95.4%.在ZrO2-B4C-C体系中,B4C过量15%和C过量10%(摩尔分数)的体系是最理想的反应体系;烧结体相对密度为94%;烧结体组成为95.44%ZrB2、3.87%ZrO2、0.32?C和0.37%C(质量分数).     

脱除重油中有害金属杂质新技术

用化学药剂在一定条件下进行反应后用水萃取，并用 电脱水的方法脱除金属.研究了注药剂量、反应温度和反应时间等因素对脱除率的影响.     

Observations on the role of oxide scales in high-temperature erosion-corrosion of alloys

The results are presented of exposure to a controlled high-temperature erosive gas stream of a series of alloys, which were selected to represent the range of microstructures and mechanical properties available in commercial high-temperature alloys. Analysis of the kinetic and morphological data suggested that the high-temperature oxidation behavior of a given alloy plays a very important role in determining its erosion-corrosion behavior under the conditions studied. In terms of relative behavior, alloys which are weak but ductile at temperature, and which form tenacious oxide scales, exhibited the highest resistance to high-temperature erosion-corrosion. Simple models were developed to describe the expected interaction between high-temperature oxidation and erosion.     

Cr3Si／Crl3Ni5Si2金属间化合物合金组织与高温滑动磨损性能的研究

利用水冷铜模激光熔炼炉制得了由初生枝晶Cr3Si和枝晶间Cr3Si／Crl3Ni5Si2共晶组成的金属间化合物合金。利用OM，SEM，TEM，EDS和XRD分析了该金属间化合物的显微组织，在400℃，500℃和600℃条件下测试了其耐磨性能。结果表明，由于Cr3Si和Crl3NisSi2硬度高、原子键合力强、组织细小、均匀，在高温滑动磨损条件下具有优良的耐磨性能。     

High-temperature corrosion and creep of Ni-Cr-Fe alloys in carburizing and oxidizing environments

The carburization of NiCr 32 20 and NiCrSi 60 16 has been studied in CH₄-H₂ mixtures in the temperature range 900–1100°C. The methods included thermogravimetric measurements and studies on reacted specimens by X-ray diffraction, metallographic, and chemical analysis. Upon carburization internal carbides M₇C₃ and M₂₃C₆ are formed (M=mainly Cr); the rate of carburization is determined by carbon diffusion in the Fe-Ni matrix with carbide precipitations. The effect of the alloying elements Ni and Si on the carburization resistance of austenitic alloys is explained. By the same methods the oxidation and carburization in CO-H₂O-H₂ mixtures have been studied. The important role of a stable chromium oxide layer for the carburization resistance was confirmed. Creep tests at 1000°C in a CO-H₂O-H₂ atmosphere where Cr₂O₃ is stable showed carburization occurring through cracks in the oxide layer. At high strain rates premature failure occurs by carburization, which is followed by internal oxidation and formation of cracks, voids, and holes.     

Creep-induced local lattice parameter changes in a monocrystalline nickel-base superalloy

The γ-γ lattice mismatch of specimens of the monocrystalline nickel-base superalloy SRR 99 has been measured by a high-resolution X-ray diffraction technique for the undeformed state and after high-tem-perature creep deformation. During creep deformation beyond the minimum creep rate (total strain =0.5%), the lattice mismatches, measured in and perpendicular to the [001] stress axis, respectively, un-dergo changes in opposite directions. This reflects the buildup of a complex deformation-induced triaxial state of internal stress in the phases y and γ. The overall resolved shear stresses that act in γ and y due to the combined action of the external and internal stresses are estimated, and the conditions under which cutting of the γ phase by dislocations should occur are discussed.